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Summary of findings (SoF) table using GRADE methodology |
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| Parenteral anticoagulation for prolonging survival of patients with cancer |
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| Patient or population: Patients with cancer |
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| Settings: Outpatient |
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| Intervention: Parenteral anticoagulation |
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| Outcomes |
Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) |
Relative effect (95% CI) |
No of Participants (studies) |
Quality of the evidence (GRADE) |
Comments |
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| Assumed risk |
Corresponding risk |
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| Control |
Parenteral anticoagulation |
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| Survival |
Low risk population |
HR 0.77 (0.65 to 0.91) |
1174 (5) |
⊕⊕⊕O moderate4 |
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| 500 per 1000 |
414 per 1000 (363 to 468) |
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| Moderate risk population |
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| 1000 per 1000 |
1000 per 1000 (1000 to 1000) |
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| DVT |
Low risk population |
RR 0.61 (0.08 to 4.91) |
458 (2) |
⊕OOO very low1,2 |
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| 10 per 1000 |
6 per 1000 (1 to 49) |
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| High risk population |
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| 40 per 1000 |
24 per 1000 (3 to 196) |
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| Major bleeding |
Low risk population |
RR 1.50 (0.26 to 8.8) |
814 (3) |
⊕⊕OO low1,3 |
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| 0 per 1000 |
0 per 1000 (0 to 0) |
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| High risk population |
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| 100 per 1000 |
150 per 1000 (26 to 880) |
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| Minor bleeding |
Low risk population |
RR 2.07 (0.78 to 5.51) |
760 (3) |
⊕⊕OO low1,3 |
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| 0 per 1000 |
0 per 1000 (0 to 0) |
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| High risk population |
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| 30 per 1000 |
62 per 1000 (23 to 165) |
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*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio; HR: Hazard ratio; GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate. 1 The 95% CI includes both negligible effect and appreciable benefit or appreciable harm 2 Out of 5 included studies, only 2 reported DVT 3 Out of 5 included studies, only 3 reported major bleeding 4Result statistically significant in only one subgroup. | ||||||
Akl et al. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2008 27:4 doi:10.1186/1756-9966-27-4 |
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